the process of manually testing software for defects. It requires a tester to play the role of an end user and use most of all features of the application to ensure correct behavior.

Selenium – a portable software testing framework for web applications. It provides a record/playback tool for authoring tests without learning a test scripting language.
SOAP UI – an open-source web service testing application for service-oriented architectures (SOA) and representational state transfers (REST).

eggplant – a GUI test automation tool for professional software applications and enterprise teams. It can be used to automate different application types, such as .NET, Java and Flash applications.
Test Studio – an automated functional and load testing tool that helps you test applications on various platforms built using different frameworks and tools.
Test Complete – an automated testing tool for the Windows platform. It allows you to record, script and run GUI tests for applications built using different frameworks and languages, such as .NET or C++.
Squish – a GUI testing tool for various platforms, including QT, native Windows and Mac applications. Squish allows testers and developers to build automated tests using familiar scripting languages such as JavaScript, Perl, Python and Ruby.

Nunit – a unit-testing framework for all .Net languages. It was initially ported from JUnut to .NET and has been redesigned to take advantage of many .NET language features.
Junit – a simple unit testing framework to write repeatable tests in Java. JUnit has been important in the development of test-driven development and is one of the standard testing frameworks for Java developers.
rspec – a testing tool for the Ruby programming language. Born under the banner of behaviour-driven development, it is designed to make test-driven development more productive and enjoyable.
TestNG – a Java testing framework inspired by JUnit and NUnit and introduces some new functionalities that make it more powerful and easier to use. TestNG is designed to cover multiple categories of tests, including unit, functional, end-to-end and integration tests.